1C Company

1C Company, founded in 1991, specialized in distribution, support, publishing and development of business software and games in Russia since 1996. They published and distribute leading independent development studio titles as well as those of international publishers.

1C Company was also widely acknowledged as a game developer and had multiple subsidiaries (ones in italic are no longer active or were sold off):

• Maddox Games (1999 - later 1C:Maddox Games)
• Cybiko (2005 - later 1C Wireless after a local management buy-out)
• Cenega (acquired in 2005 - later 1C Publishing EU - acquired by Tencent in 2022)
  • QLOC S.A.
  • muve.pl
• Ino-Co (2007 - later 1C: Ino-Co, then Ino-Co Plus)
• Sea Dog (2007)
• SeaWolf Studio (2007)
• Buka Entertainment (acquired in 2008)
• 777 Studios (unknown acquisition date - later 1C-777 - possibly detached after 2022)
  • 1C Game Studios (founded in 2012)
• Avalon Style Entertainment (2008 - later 1C-Avalon)
• SoftClub (acquired in 2009 - later 1C-SoftClub)
• 1C Online Games (foundation date unknown)

The company expanded its publishing activities and aggressively strengthening its position in Russia with the acquisition of the publishing and distribution activities of Cenega in 2005, reformed as 1C Publishing EU in 2007.

In July 2008 the company took another large slice of the market by acquiring Buka Entertainment, one of its most important competitors in publishing and distributing games in Russia. That way, it has become the dominant publishing house in Russian territory with very little competition of the same size. The company republishes titles from Western giants such as Electronic Arts and Microsoft Game Studios, and they have their own brick and mortar stores where they sell software. In 2008, they owned 280 stores and have another 4,000 business that operate under their license.

The company also had branches in the United Kingdom (1C UK Ltd) and in Asia (1C Asia-Pacific Limited).

The company transferred the bulk of its gaming library to its 1C Publishing EU subsidiary via the 1C Entertainment publishing label in 2018. On 25 February 2022, Tencent acquired 1C Publishing EU and its subsidiaries from 1C Company, with 1C Company focusing of other kinds of software, subsequently renaming it to Fulqrum Publishing s.r.o..

Also around 2022, the 1C-777 branch took over the remaining (mostly online-only) game portfolio and the 1C Game Studios subsidiary, and was legally registered in Cyprus. It was renamed to For-Games CR in December 2024.